MicroPython documentation and references

• Python API for Codey Rocky
  • Python API for Codey
    • Python API list for Codey
      • led — Onboard RGB LED
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • display — Face Panel
        • Face Panel Explanation
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • speaker — Onboard Speaker
        • Function
        • Constant
        • Sample Code：
      • sound_sensor — Onboard Sound Sensor
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • light_sensor — Onboard Light Sensor
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • potentiometer — Onboard Potentiometer
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • button_a — Onboard Button A
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • button_b — Onboard Button B
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • button_c — Onboard Button C
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • motion_sensor — Onboard Motion Sensor
        • Motion sensor description
        • Function
        • Sample Code 1：
        • Sample Code 2：
        • Sample Code 3：
      • ir — Onboard Infrared Transceiver
        • Function
        • Sample Code 1：
        • Sample Code 2：
      • wifi — Onboard Wifi
        • Function
        • Constant
        • Sample Code：
      • battery — Built-in Lithium Battery
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • codey_timer — Counter
        • Function
        • 程序示例：
      • codey_broadcast — Broadcast Module
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • codey_external_module_detect — External Module access Detection
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • codey_script_control — Script/thread Control
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • event — Event Processing Unit
        • Event processing unit instructions
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
  • Python API for Rocky
    • Python API list for Rocky
      • motion — Rocky Chassis Movement
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • color_ir_sensor — Color IR Sensor
        • Color infrared sensor description
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
  • Python API for third-party library
    • Python API list for third party libraries
      • urequests — Network Request Module
        • Function
        • Sample Code 1：
        • Sample Code 2：
        • Sample Code 3：
      • mqtt — Message Queue Telemetry Transmission
        • Class
        • Sample Code：
      • random — Get Random Number Module
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
  • Python API for extension Neuron modules
    • Python API List for Neuron Extension Modules
      • dc_motor_driver — Dual DC Motor Driver
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • servo_driver — Dual Servo Driver
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • led_strip — LED Strip Driver
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • led_panel — RGB LED Panel
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • buzzer — Buzzer
        • Function
        • Constant
        • Sample Code：
      • button — Button
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • funny_touch — Funny Touch
        • Funny touch user Guide
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • ultrasonic_sensor — Ultrasonic Sensor
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • gyro_sensor — Gyro Sensor
        • gyro sensor user Guide
        • Function
        • Sample Code 1：
        • Sample Code 2：
        • Sample Code 3：
      • pir_sensor — PIR Sensor
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • soil_moisture — Soil Moisture
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
• Codey&Rocky’s example tutorial
  • Codey&Rocky’s micropython instructions
    • 添加自定义类库或者代码文件
      • 使用mblock5软件
      • 使用firefly_upload脚本
    • 使用mpy-cross工具生成mpy文件
      • 搭建micropython编译环境
      • 生成mpy文件
        • 添加自定义类库或者代码文件
          • 使用mblock5软件
          • 使用firefly_upload脚本
• Python API for Haloboard
  • Python API for Haloboard
    • The python interface class for the haloboard
      • Broadcast’s interface list
        • broadcast — Broadcast Message
          • Function
          • Sample Code ：
        • haloboard.mesh — Mesh Broadcast Message
          • Functional Description
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
      • Driver’s interface list
        • button — Onboard Button
          • Function
          • Sample Code ：
        • clock — Onboard Baseboard Clock
          • Function
          • Sample Code ：
        • led — Onboard RGB LED
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
          • Sample Code 3：
          • Sample Code 4：
        • motion_sensor — Onboard Motion Sensor
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
          • Sample Code 3：
          • Sample Code 4：
          • Sample Code 5：
          • Sample Code 6：
          • Sample Code 7：
        • touchpad0 — Touch Button0
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
        • touchpad0 — Touch Button1
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
        • touchpad0 — Touch Button2
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
        • touchpad0 — Touch Button3
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
        • vibration_motor — Vibration Motor
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
        • microphone — Onboard Microphone
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
        • speaker — Onboard Speaker
          • Constant
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
      • Event’s interface list
        • event — Event Module
          • Two kinds of writing
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
      • Cloud message interface list
        • cloud_message — Cloud Message
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
      • Pin’s interface list
        • pin0 — Pin Port 0
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
          • Sample Code 3：
          • Sample Code 4：
        • pin1 — Pin Port 1
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
          • Sample Code 3：
          • Sample Code 4：
        • pin2 — Pin Port 2
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
          • Sample Code 3：
          • Sample Code 4：
        • pin3 — Pin Port 3
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
          • Sample Code 3：
          • Sample Code 4：
      • Speech recognition interface list
        • speech_recognition — Speech Recognition
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
      • Timer’s interface list
        • timer — Timer
          • Function
          • Sample Code：
      • Wifi’s interface list
        • wifi — Onboard WIFI
          • Function
          • Sample Code 1：
          • Sample Code 2：
  • Python API for third-party library
    • Python API list for third party libraries
      • urequests — Network Request Module
        • Function
        • Sample Code 1：
        • Sample Code 2：
        • Sample Code 3：
      • mqtt — Message Queue Telemetry Transmission
        • Class
        • Sample Code：
      • random — Get Random Number Module
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
  • Python API for extension Neuron modules
    • Python API List for Neuron Extension Modules
      • dc_motor_driver — Dual DC Motor Driver
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • servo_driver — Dual Servo Driver
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • led_strip — LED Strip Driver
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • led_panel — RGB LED Panel
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • buzzer — Buzzer
        • Function
        • Constant
        • Sample Code：
      • button — Button
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • funny_touch — Funny Touch
        • Funny touch user Guide
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • ultrasonic_sensor — Ultrasonic Sensor
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • gyro_sensor — Gyro Sensor
        • gyro sensor user Guide
        • Function
        • Sample Code 1：
        • Sample Code 2：
        • Sample Code 3：
      • pir_sensor — PIR Sensor
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
      • soil_moisture — Soil Moisture
        • Function
        • Sample Code：
• Haloboard’s example tutorial
  • Haloboard’s micropython instructions
    • 添加自定义类库或者代码文件
      • 使用mblock5软件
      • 使用firefly_upload脚本
    • 使用mpy-cross工具生成mpy文件
      • 搭建micropython编译环境
      • 生成mpy文件
        • 添加自定义类库或者代码文件
          • 使用mblock5软件
          • 使用firefly_upload脚本
  • Open and connect the webrepl in Haloboard
• MicroPython libraries
  • Python standard libraries and micro-libraries
    • Builtin functions and exceptions
      • Functions and types
      • Exceptions
    • array – arrays of numeric data
      • Classes
    • cmath – mathematical functions for complex numbers
      • Functions
      • Constants
    • gc – control the garbage collector
      • Functions
    • math – mathematical functions
      • Functions
      • Constants
    • sys – system specific functions
      • Functions
      • Constants
    • ubinascii – binary/ASCII conversions
      • Functions
    • ucollections – collection and container types
      • Classes
    • uerrno – system error codes
      • Constants
    • uhashlib – hashing algorithms
      • Constructors
      • Methods
    • uheapq – heap queue algorithm
      • Functions
    • uio – input/output streams
      • Conceptual hierarchy
      • Functions
      • Classes
    • ujson – JSON encoding and decoding
      • Functions
    • uos – basic “operating system” services
      • General functions
      • Filesystem access
      • Terminal redirection and duplication
      • Filesystem mounting
      • Block devices
    • ure – simple regular expressions
      • Functions
      • Regex objects
      • Match objects
    • uselect – wait for events on a set of streams
      • Functions
      • class Poll
        • Methods
    • usocket – socket module
      • Socket address format(s)
      • Functions
      • Constants
        • class socket
      • Methods
    • ussl – SSL/TLS module
      • Functions
      • Exceptions
      • Constants
    • ustruct – pack and unpack primitive data types
      • Functions
    • utime – time related functions
      • Functions
    • uzlib – zlib decompression
      • Functions
    • _thread – multithreading support
  • MicroPython-specific libraries
    • btree – simple BTree database
      • Functions
      • Methods
      • Constants
    • framebuf — Frame buffer manipulation
      • class FrameBuffer
      • Constructors
      • Drawing primitive shapes
      • Drawing text
      • Other methods
      • Constants
    • machine — functions related to the hardware
      • Reset related functions
      • Interrupt related functions
      • Power related functions
      • Miscellaneous functions
      • Constants
      • Classes
        • class Pin – control I/O pins
          • Constructors
          • Methods
          • Constants
        • class Signal – control and sense external I/O devices
          • Constructors
          • Methods
        • class ADC – analog to digital conversion
          • Constructors
          • Methods
        • class ADCChannel — read analog values from internal or external sources
        • class UART – duplex serial communication bus
          • Constructors
          • Methods
          • Constants
        • class SPI – a Serial Peripheral Interface bus protocol (master side)
          • Constructors
          • Methods
          • Constants
        • class I2C – a two-wire serial protocol
          • Constructors
          • General Methods
          • Primitive I2C operations
          • Standard bus operations
          • Memory operations
        • class RTC – real time clock
          • Constructors
          • Methods
          • Constants
        • class Timer – control hardware timers
          • Constructors
          • Methods
          • Constants
        • class WDT – watchdog timer
          • Constructors
          • Methods
        • class SD – secure digital memory card
          • Constructors
          • Methods
    • micropython – access and control MicroPython internals
      • Functions
    • ucryptolib – cryptographic ciphers
      • Classes
    • uctypes – access binary data in a structured way
      • Defining structure layout
      • Module contents
      • Structure descriptors and instantiating structure objects
      • Structure objects
      • Limitations
• The MicroPython language
  • Glossary
  • The MicroPython Interactive Interpreter Mode (aka REPL)
    • Auto-indent
    • Auto-completion
    • Interrupting a running program
    • Paste Mode
    • Soft Reset
    • The special variable _ (underscore)
    • Raw Mode
  • Writing interrupt handlers
    • Tips and recommended practices
    • MicroPython Issues
      • The emergency exception buffer
      • Simplicity
      • Communication between an ISR and the main program
      • The use of object methods as callbacks
      • Creation of Python objects
      • Use of Python objects
      • Overcoming the float limitation
      • Using micropython.schedule
    • Exceptions
    • General Issues
      • Interrupt Handler Design
      • Reentrancy
      • Critical Sections
      • Interrupts and the REPL
  • Maximising MicroPython Speed
    • Designing for speed
      • Algorithms
      • RAM Allocation
      • Buffers
      • Floating Point
      • Arrays
    • Identifying the slowest section of code
    • MicroPython code improvements
      • The const() declaration
      • Caching object references
      • Controlling garbage collection
    • The Native code emitter
    • The Viper code emitter
    • Accessing hardware directly
  • MicroPython on Microcontrollers
    • Flash Memory
    • RAM
      • Compilation Phase
      • Execution Phase
    • The Heap
      • Fragmentation
      • Reporting
      • Control of Garbage Collection
    • String Operations
    • Postscript
      • Footnote: gc.collect() return value
  • Distribution packages, package management, and deploying applications
    • Overview
    • Distribution packages
    • upip package manager
    • Cross-installing packages
    • Cross-installing packages with freezing
    • Creating distribution packages
    • Application resources
    • References
  • Inline Assembler for Thumb2 architectures
    • Document conventions
    • Instruction Categories
      • 1. Register move instructions
        • 1.1. Document conventions
        • 1.2. Register moves
      • 2. Load register from memory
        • 2.1. Document conventions
        • 2.2. Register Load
      • 3. Store register to memory
        • 3.1. Document conventions
        • 3.2. Register Store
      • 4. Logical & Bitwise instructions
        • 4.1. Document conventions
        • 4.2. Logical instructions
        • 4.3. Shift and rotation instructions
        • 4.4. Special instructions
      • 5. Arithmetic instructions
        • 5.1. Document conventions
        • 5.2. Addition
        • 5.3. Subtraction
        • 5.4. Negation
        • 5.5. Multiplication and division
      • 6. Comparison instructions
        • 6.1. Document conventions
        • 6.2. The Application Program Status Register (APSR)
        • 6.3. APSR Bits
        • 6.4. Comparison instructions
        • 6.5. Conditional execution
      • 7. Branch instructions
        • 7.1. Document conventions
        • 7.2. Branch to label
        • 7.3. Long branches
        • 7.4. Subroutines (functions)
      • 8. Stack push and pop
        • 8.1. Document conventions
        • 8.2. Stack operations
      • 9. Miscellaneous instructions
      • 10. Floating Point instructions
        • 10.1. Document conventions
        • 10.2. Arithmetic
        • 10.3. Move between ARM core and FPU registers
        • 10.4. Move between FPU register and memory
        • 10.5. Data Comparison
        • 10.6. Convert between integer and float
      • 11. Assembler Directives
        • 11.1. Labels
        • 11.2. Defining inline data
    • Usage examples
      • 1. Hints and tips
        • 1.1. Code branches and subroutines
        • 1.2. Argument passing and return
          • 1.2.1. Multiple arguments
          • 1.2.2. Non-integer data types
        • 1.3. Named constants
        • 1.4. Assembler code as class methods
        • 1.5. Use of unsupported instructions
        • 1.6. Overcoming MicroPython’s integer restriction
    • References
• MicroPython differences from CPython
  • Syntax
    • Spaces
      • uPy requires spaces between literal numbers and keywords, CPy doesn’t
    • Unicode
      • Unicode name escapes are not implemented
  • Core Language
    • Classes
      • Special method __del__ not implemented for user-defined classes
      • Method Resolution Order (MRO) is not compliant with CPython
      • When inheriting from multiple classes super() only calls one class
      • Calling super() getter property in subclass will return a property object, not the value
    • Functions
      • Error messages for methods may display unexpected argument counts
      • User-defined attributes for functions are not supported
    • Generator
      • Context manager __exit__() not called in a generator which does not run to completion
    • Runtime
      • Local variables aren’t included in locals() result
      • Code running in eval() function doesn’t have access to local variables
    • import
      • __path__ attribute of a package has a different type (single string instead of list of strings) in MicroPython
      • Failed to load modules are still registered as loaded
      • MicroPython does’t support namespace packages split across filesystem.
  • Builtin Types
    • Exception
      • Exception chaining not implemented
      • User-defined attributes for builtin exceptions are not supported
      • Exception in while loop condition may have unexpected line number
      • Exception.__init__ method does not exist.
    • bytearray
      • Array slice assignment with unsupported RHS
    • bytes
      • bytes objects support .format() method
      • bytes() with keywords not implemented
      • Bytes subscription with step != 1 not implemented
    • float
      • uPy and CPython outputs formats may differ
    • int
      • No int conversion for int-derived types available
    • list
      • List delete with step != 1 not implemented
      • List slice-store with non-iterable on RHS is not implemented
      • List store with step != 1 not implemented
    • str
      • Start/end indices such as str.endswith(s, start) not implemented
      • Attributes/subscr not implemented
      • str(…) with keywords not implemented
      • str.ljust() and str.rjust() not implemented
      • None as first argument for rsplit such as str.rsplit(None, n) not implemented
      • Instance of a subclass of str cannot be compared for equality with an instance of a str
      • Subscript with step != 1 is not yet implemented
    • tuple
      • Tuple load with step != 1 not implemented
  • Modules
    • array
      • Looking for integer not implemented
      • Array deletion not implemented
      • Subscript with step != 1 is not yet implemented
    • builtins
      • Second argument to next() is not implemented
    • deque
      • Deque not implemented
    • json
      • JSON module does not throw exception when object is not serialisable
    • struct
      • Struct pack with too few args, not checked by uPy
      • Struct pack with too many args, not checked by uPy
    • sys
      • Overriding sys.stdin, sys.stdout and sys.stderr not possible
• MicroPython license information